Sunday, December 18, 2016

Racial Profiling


Issue: Racial and Identity Profiling

In most ways, the borderlands are similar to the rest of the country: We are made up of diverse, tight-knit communities from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, with people who are proud of where they live. But when it comes to racial and identity profiling, we couldn’t be more different.

The border is the only place where a federal officer can stop and frisk you based on the color of your skin, your perceived accent, your apparent religion, and even the way you dress.

This is wrong and at odds with core American values such as equality under the law, fairness and justice.

While the Obama Administration has banned racial and identity profiling in police departments across the nation, it has allowed Customs and Border Protection to continue to harass border residents at will --and with little or no transparency and accountability.

CBP is the largest law enforcement agency in the country and must be held to the same standard as local police forces. In fact, it should be acting as the gold standard for law enforcement.

We urge the Obama Administration to close this loophole and end racial and identity profiling along our nation's borders. In the United States of America, all residents should be able to move freely in the place they love to call home. 

Conclusions:

1.     When it comes to nationwide policing practices around racial and identity profiling, border communities should be treated the same as the rest of the country. Anything less would be at odds with American values of equality under the law, fairness and justice.

2.     Border states like California and New Mexico have banned racial and identity profiling because it's wrong and undermines safety for everybody. The Obama administration should follow their lead by closing the loophole that allows CBP to stop and frisk people with impunity and a lack of transparency and accountability.

3.     Research shows that racial profiling is ineffective because it wastes limited resources on innocent people while allowing those truly looking to harm us to slip by.


Monday, July 18, 2016

Example of city ordinance regulating payday lenders/ejemplar de ordenanza


ORDINANCE NO. __________________


AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF __________ SETTING FORTH REGISTRATION REQUIRMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSION GUIDELINES FOR CREDIT ACCESS BUSINESSES AND PROVIDING A PENALTY.   
ORDENANZA DE LA CIUDAD DE __________ ESTABLECIENDO REQUISITOS PARA EL REGISTRO Y NORMAS PARA EMPRESAS OFRECIENDO PRESTAMOS  Y IMPONIENDO MULTA

WHEREAS, certain credit access businesses engage in abusive and predatory lending practices, offering easy money to those members of our community who are in a tight spot with onerous terms and fees; and
Considerando que ciertos negocios de acceso a crédito se involucran en las prácticas de préstamos abusivos y depredadores, ofreciendo dinero fácil de los miembros de nuestra comunidad que están en una situación difícil con los términos y las tarifas onerosas; y

WHEREAS, the practices of certain access businesses cause members of our community to become trapped in a cycle of short term, high interest loans resulting in large debt and huge payments; and
POR CUANTO, las prácticas de algunos negocios de acceso a causar que los miembros de nuestra comunidad que quedan atrapados en un ciclo de corto plazo, los préstamos de alto interés que impliquen endeudamiento grandes y enormes pagos; y

WHEREAS, the Pew Charitable Trusts, in their publication entitled Payday Lending in America: Who Borrows, Where they Borrow, and Why, (July 2012), wrote that “payday loans are sold as two-week credit products that provide fast cash, but borrowers are actually indebted for an average of five months per year.” The report further noted that “on average, a borrower takes out eight loans of $375 each per year and spends $520 on interest;” and
 POR CUANTO, el Pew Charitable Trusts, en su publicación titulada Préstamos de día de pago en América: que pide prestado, donde se pide prestado, y por qué, (julio de 2012), escribió que "los préstamos de día de pago se venden como productos de crédito de dos semanas que proporcionan dinero rápido, pero prestatarios son en realidad en deuda por un promedio de cinco meses por año "El informe señaló además que" en promedio, un prestatario lleva a cabo ocho préstamos de $ 375 cada uno por año y gasta $ 520 en intereses;. "y

WHEREAS, the Pew Charitable Trusts, in their publication entitled Payday Lending in America: Who Borrows, Where they Borrow, and Why, (July 2012), also noted: “How much borrowers spend on loans depends heavily on the fees permitted by their state. The same $500 storefront loan would generally cost about $55 in Florida, $75 in Nebraska, $87.50 in Alabama, and $100 in Texas, even if it were provided by the same national company in all those states. Previous research has found that lenders tend to charge the maximum permitted in a state;” and
POR CUANTO, el Pew Charitable Trusts, en su publicación titulada Préstamos de día de pago en América: que pide prestado, donde se pide prestado, y por qué, (julio de 2012), también señaló: "¿Cuánto prestatarios pasan de los préstamos depende en gran medida de las cuotas permitidas por su estado . El mismo préstamo escaparate de $ 500 sería lo general cuesta alrededor de $ 55 en la Florida, $ 75 en Nebraska, $ 87.50 en Alabama, y ​​$ 100 en Texas, incluso si fueron proporcionados por la misma empresa nacional en todos esos estados. Investigaciones anteriores han encontrado que los prestamistas tienden a cobrar el máximo permitido en un estado "; y


WHEREAS, the Pew Charitable Trusts, in their publication entitled Payday Lending in America: Who Borrows, Where they Borrow, and Why, (July 2012), also stated that “the vast majority of borrowers use the loans on a long-term basis, not temporary one. Thus it seems that the payday loan industry is selling a product few people use as designed and that imposes debt that is consistently more costly and longer lasting than advertised;” and
POR CUANTO, el Pew Charitable Trusts, en su publicación titulada Préstamos de día de pago en América: que pide prestado, donde se pide prestado, y por qué, (julio de 2012), también declaró que "la gran mayoría de los prestatarios utilizar los préstamos a largo plazo, uno no temporal. Así, parece que la industria de préstamo de día de pago es la venta de un producto pocas personas utilizan como fue diseñado y que impone la deuda que es consistentemente más costoso y más duradera de lo anunciado; "y

WHEREAS, the Community Financial Services Association of America (CFSA), the national trade association for companies that offer small dollar, short-term loans or payday advances includes the following in the “Member Best Practices” as listed on its internet site (http://cfsaa.com/cfsa-member-best-practices.aspx): “Members shall not allow customers to rollover a payday advance (the extension of an outstanding advance by payment of only a fee) unless expressly authorized by state law, but in such cases where authorized will limit rollovers to four or the state limit, whichever is less.” The need for consumer understanding was also outlined on this website: “A contract between a member and the customer must fully outline the terms of the payday advance transaction. Members agree to disclose the cost of the service fee both as a dollar amount and as an annual percentage rate (“APR”);” and
POR CUANTO, la Asociación Comunitaria de Servicios Financieros de América (CFSA), la asociación nacional de empresas que ofrecen dólar de los pequeños, los préstamos a corto plazo o adelantos de su sueldo incluye lo siguiente en los "Miembros Mejores Prácticas" que se enumeran en su sitio de Internet (http: //cfsaa.com/cfsa-member-best-practices.aspx): "los miembros no permitirán a los clientes Pasar por encima de día de pago anticipado (la extensión de un anticipo pendiente mediante el pago de una cuota única) a menos que expresamente autorizado por la ley estatal, pero en tales casos, cuando lo autoricen limitará vuelcos de cuatro o el límite del estado, el que sea menor "la necesidad de comprensión de los consumidores también se esbozó en este sitio web:". un contrato entre un miembro y el cliente debe describir completamente los términos del día de pago anticipado transacción. Los miembros están de acuerdo en dar a conocer el costo de la cuota de servicio tanto como una cantidad de dinero y, como una tasa porcentual anual ( "apr"); "y
WHEREAS, the Center for Responsible Lending, a non-profit, non-partisan organization, states on its internet site (http://www.responsiblelending.org/other-consumer-loans /tools-resources/fast-facts.html) that: “car title loans are based on the value of a borrower’s car - the ability to repay the loans is not factor in the lending decision…”; “loan rates for a car title are typically 20-30 times that of rates charged by credit card issuers…”; “the average car title customer renews their loan 8 times…”; and, “on a $500 title loan, this average customer will pay back $650 in interest over eight months; the principal borrowed will be in addition;” and
POR CUANTO, el Centro para Préstamos Responsables, una organización sin ánimo de lucro, organización no partidista, afirma en su sitio de internet (http://www.responsiblelending.org/other-consumer-loans /tools-resources/fast-facts.html) que: "préstamos de título de automóvil se basan en el valor del coche de un prestatario - la capacidad para reembolsar los préstamos no es factor en la decisión de préstamo ..."; "Las tasas de préstamo para un título de automóvil son típicamente 20-30 veces mayor que la de las tasas cobradas por los emisores de tarjetas de crédito ..."; "El cliente medio título del coche renueva sus préstamos 8 veces ..."; y, "en un préstamo del título de $ 500, este cliente promedio pagará $ 650 en intereses durante ocho meses; el capital prestado será adicional; "y

WHEREAS, lenders hold onto the motor vehicle title and when borrowers cannot continue to pay the fees, they can lose their vehicles, which can drastically affect the borrower’s means of transportation for work and other essential household functions.
POR CUANTO, los prestamistas se aferran a la garantía de vehículo automotor y cuando los prestatarios no pueden seguir pagando las cuotas, que pueden perder sus vehículos, que pueden afectar drásticamente medios del prestatario de transporte para el trabajo y otras funciones esenciales para el hogar.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ___________:

Section 1.  Chapter ____ - CREDIT ACCESS BUSINESSES

____.010- Short Title and Purpose.

(a) This article may be known and cited as “Credit Access Businesses Regulation.”

(b) The purpose of this article is to protect the welfare of the citizens of the City of _________ by monitoring credit access businesses in an effort to reduce abusive and predatory lending practices. To this end, this article establishes a registration program for credit access businesses, imposes restrictions on extensions of consumer credit made by credit access businesses, and imposes recordkeeping requirements on credit access businesses.

____.020- Definitions.

As used in this chapter:

(1)  CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION means a certificate of registration issued by the director under this article to the owner or operator of a credit access business.

(2)  CONSUMER means an individual who is solicited to purchase or who purchases the services of a credit access business.

(3)  CONSUMER’S LANGUAGE OF PREFERENCE is the language the consumer understands best.

(4)  CREDIT ACCESS BUSINESS has the meaning given that term in Section 393.601 of the Texas Finance Code.

(5)  DEFERRED PRESENTMENT TRANSACTION has the meaning given that term in Section 393.601 of the Texas Finance Code.

(6)  DIRECTOR means the director of the department designated by the City Council, City Manager, or City Councilor City Manager’s Designee, to enforce and administer this chapter.

(7)  EXTENSION OF CONSUMER CREDIT has the meaning given that term in Section 393.001 of the Texas Finance Code.

(8)  MOTOR VEHICLE TITLE LOAN has the meaning given that term in Section 393.601 of the Texas Finance Code.

(9)  PERSON means any individual, corporation, organization, partnership, association, financial institution, or any other legal entity.

(10) REGISTRANT means a person issued a certificate of registration for a credit access business under this chapter and includes all owners and operators of the credit access business identified in the registration application filed under this chapter.

(11)  STATE LICENSE means a license to operate a credit access business issued by the Texas Consumer Credit Commissioner under Chapter 393, Subchapter G of the Texas Finance Code.

____.030- Violations; Penalty

(a) A person who violates a provision of this chapter, or who fails to perform an act required of the person by this chapter, commits an offense. A person commits a separate offense for each and every violation relating to an extension of consumer credit, and for each day during which a violation is committed, permitted, or continued.

(b) An offense under this chapter is punishable by a fine of not more than $500.

(c) A culpable mental state is not required for the commission of an offense under this article and need not be proved.

(d) The penalties provided for in Subsection (b) are in addition to any other remedies that the city may have under city ordinances and state law.

____.040- Defenses

It is a defense to prosecution under this article that at the time of the alleged offense the person was not required to be licensed by the state as a credit access business under Chapter 393, Subchapter G, of the Texas Finance Code.

____.050- Registration Required

A person commits an offense if the person acts, operates, or conducts businesses as a credit access business without a valid certificate of registration. A certificate of registration is required for each physically separate credit access business.

____.060- Registration Application

(a)  To obtain a certificate of registration for a credit access business, a person must submit an application on a form provided for that purpose to the director. The application must contain the following:

(1) The name, street address, mailing address, facsimile number, and telephone number of the applicant.

(2) The business or trade name, street address, mailing address, facsimile number, and telephone number of the credit access business.

(3) The names, street addresses, mailing addresses, and telephone numbers of all owners of the credit access business, and the nature and extent of each person’s interest in the credit access business.

(4) A copy of a current, valid state license held by the credit access business pursuant to Chapter 393, Subchapter G of the Texas Finance Code.

(5) A copy of a current, valid certificate of occupancy showing that the credit access business is in compliance with the City of _______ Code.

(6) A non-refundable application fee for the amount established.

(b)  An applicant or registrant shall notify the director within 45 days after any material change in the information contained in the application for a certificate of registration, including, but not limited to, any change of address and any change in the status of the state license held by the applicant or registrant.

____.070- Issuance and Display of Certificate of Registration; Presentment upon Request.

(a)  The director shall issue to the applicant a certificate of registration upon receiving a completed application under Section ___.060

(b)  A certificate of registration issued under this section must be conspicuously displayed to the public in the credit access business.  The certificate of registration must be presented upon request to the director or any peace officer for examination.

____.080- Expiration and Renewal of Certificate of Registration.

(a) A certificate of registration expires on the earliest of:
           
       (1) One year after the date of issuance; or

(2) The date of revocation, suspension, surrender, expiration without renewal, or other termination of the registrant’s state license.

(b) A certificate of registration may be renewed by making application in accordance with Section ___.060. A registrant shall apply for renewal at least 30 days before the expiration of the registration.

____.090- Non-transferability.

A certificate of registration for a credit access business is not transferable.

____.100- Maintenance of Records.

(a) A credit access business shall maintain a complete set of records of all extensions of consumer credit arranged or obtained by the credit access business, which must include the following information:

    (1) The name and address of the consumer.

    (2) The principal amount of cash actually advanced.

    (3) The length of the extension of consumer credit, including the number of installments
    and renewals.

    (4) The fees charged by the credit access business to arrange or obtain an extension of 
    consumer credit; and

    (5) The documentation used to establish a consumer’s income under Section _____.110 of this ordinance.

(b) A credit access business shall maintain a copy of each written agreement between the credit access business and a consumer evidencing an extension of a consumer credit (including, but not limited to, any refinancing or renewal granted to the consumer).

(c) A credit access business shall maintain copies of all quarterly reports filed with the Texas Consumer Credit Commissioner under Section 393.627 of the Texas Finance Code.

(d) The records required to be maintained by a credit access business under this section must be retained for at least three years and made available for inspection by the city upon request during the usual and customary business hours of the credit access business.

____.110- Restriction on Extension of Consumer Credit.

(a) The cash advanced under an extension of consumer credit that a credit access business obtains for a consumer or assists a consumer in obtaining in the form of a deferred presentment transaction may not exceed 20 percent of the consumer’s gross monthly income.

(b) The cash advanced under an extension of consumer credit that a credit access business obtains for a consumer or assists a consumer in obtaining in the form of a motor vehicle title loan may not exceed the lesser of:
  
     (1) Three percent of the consumer’s gross annual income; or

     (2) 70 percent of the retail value of the motor vehicle.

(c) A credit access business shall use a paycheck or other documentation establishing income to determine a consumer’s income.

(d) An extension of consumer credit that a credit access business obtains for a consumer or assists a consumer in obtaining and that provides for repayment in installments may not be payable in more than four installments. Proceeds from each installment must be used to repay at least 25 percent of the principal amount of the extension of consumer credit. An extension of consumer credit that provides for repayment in installments many not be refinanced or renewed.

(e) An extension of consumer credit that a credit access business obtains for a consumer or assists a consumer in obtaining and that provides for a single lump sum repayment may not be refinanced or renewed more than three times. Proceeds from each refinancing or renewal must be used to repay at least 25 percent of the principal amount of the original extension of consumer credit.

(f) For purposes of this section, an extension of consumer credit that is made to a consumer within seven days after a previous extension of consumer credit has been paid by the consumer will constitute a refinancing or renewal.

____.120- Requirement of Consumer Understanding of Agreement.

(a) Every agreement between the credit access business and a consumer evidencing an extension of consumer credit (including, but not limited to, any refinancing or renewal granted to the consumer), must be written in the consumer’s language of preference. Every credit access business location must maintain on its premises, to be available for use by consumers, agreements in the English and Spanish languages.

(b) For every consumer who cannot read, every agreement between the credit access business and a consumer evidencing an extension of consumer credit (including, but not limited to, any refinancing or renewal granted to the consumer) must be read to the consumer in its entirety in the consumer’s language of preference, prior to the consumer’s signature.

(c) For every consumer who cannot read, every disclosure and notice required by law must be read to the consumers in its entirety in the consumer’s language of preference, prior to the consumer’s signature.

____.130- Referral to Consumer Credit Counseling.

A credit access business shall provide a form, to be prescribed by the Director, to each consumer seeking assistance in obtaining an extension of consumer credit which references non-profit agencies that provide financial education and training programs and agencies with cash assistance programs.  The form will also contain information regarding extensions of consumer credit, and must include the information required by ____.100(a)(1)-(5) of this ordinance specific to the loan agreement with the consumer. If the Director has prescribed a form in the consumer’s language of preference, the form must be provided in the consumer’s language of preference.

Section 2. Should any article, section, part, paragraph, sentence, phrase, clause, or word of this ordinance, for any reason be held illegal, inoperative, or invalid, or if any exception to or limitation upon any general provision herein contained be held to be unconstitutional or invalid or ineffective, the remainder shall, nevertheless, stand effective and valid as if it had been enacted and ordained without the portion held to be illegal, inoperative, unconstitutional, invalid, or ineffective.

Section 3. This ordinance shall take effect ___________, 2013

            ADOPTED THIS _____ day of _________________________ 2013.

                                                                        CITY OF __________________________


ATTEST:                                                        __________________________________
                                                                        Mayor

______________________________
City Clerk


APPROVED AS TO FORM:

                                                                       
City Attorney